A journey between history, myth and culture
Etna, is not only a symbol of Sicily but also a representation of history, culture, and mythology. The name of this imposing volcano holds a fascinating story that takes us back to ancient times.
The greek origin of the name Etna: Aitna, the burning fire
The origin of the name Etna is deeply rooted in Greek mythology and language. The Greek term Aitna (Αἴτνα), derived from the verb “αἴθω” (Aitva), means “to burn.” This term immediately conjures the image of fiery lava flowing down the volcano’s slopes. It makes Etna one of the most feared and at the same time revered by the ancients. Etna is indeed synonymous with fire, symbolizing both destruction and regeneration.
The name of Etna and roman mythology: Medusa Gorgonia
For the Romans, Etna was associated with a unique mythical figure: Medusa Gorgonia. According to Roman mythology, the flowing lava was compared to the petrifying power of the Gorgon. In fact, as the lava flowed, the heat did not burn the trees on its sides but instead evaporated their sap, creating the illusion that the trees were turning to stone. This striking image reinforced the connection between the volcano and the mythical figures that dominated Roman imagination.
Etna, the goddess of fertility
Despite its image of destruction due to its eruptions, Etna has always been seen as a symbol of fertility. The volcanic soil surrounding the volcano is extremely fertile, enriched by minerals that promote the growth of lush vegetation. It’s no surprise that Etna was worshipped as a true goddess of fertility, capable of providing flora and fauna with everything they needed to thrive. This duality of destruction and rebirth makes Etna a central figure in Sicilian mythology and culture.
The transformation of the name of Etna in the Arab era: “The Mountain of Mountains”
With the arrival of the Arabs, Etna’s name underwent a transformation. The Arabs referred to it as “The Mountain of Mountains,” acknowledging its grandeur and dominant role in the Sicilian landscape. From here comes one of the most iconic names still used by Sicilians today: Mongibello. This term comes from the fusion of two words: Mons, meaning “mountain” in Latin, and Jabal, the Arabic word for “mountain.” The repetition of the concept of “mountain” is a typical feature of Sicilian linguistics, which often uses redundant forms to emphasize the importance of an element.
“A Muntagna” and “Mamma Etna”: the sicilians’ affectionate bond
In addition to the official names, Sicilian locals refer to Etna with an almost maternal affection. It is often simply called “a muntagna”, a dialect term that highlights how the volcano is an integral part of everyday life for its inhabitants. Another common expression is “Mamma Etna,” embodying the volcano’s dual role as both a protector and a threat. Just like a mother, Etna nourishes the land with its lava, but at the same time, its eruptions remind everyone of its power and unpredictability.
_______________
The name of Etna encapsulates millennia of history, myths, and cultural influences. From the Greek Aitna, symbolizing fire and power, to the Arabic Mongibello, “the mountain of mountains,” through Roman influences and the affectionate “Mamma Etna” of the Sicilians, this volcano is far more than just a geological formation. It is a living part of Sicilian culture, shaping not only the landscape but also the stories and traditions of those who live in the shadow of its majesty.
